expressions with prepositions; verbs and adjectives + prepositions; phrasal verbs
CONTEXT LISTENING
Look at the picture of Katie, Emma and Olivia. What can you guess about them?
You are going to hear Katie talking to her teacher, Mr Orwell. Why is she worried?
Listen again and complete the sentences below.
Emma and Olivia insist on applying for the same university as me.
Well I approve __ that plan.
You’re interested __ studying different subjects.
They’re both so good __ their subjects.
You think your sisters may succeed __ getting places at university.
You may find that they’re also worried __ getting places at university.
They’re really excited __ going away to study.
I’m looking forward to congratulating you all __ your exam results.
Thank you __ listening to me.
Look at your answers and answer these questions.
What kind of word have you written in the gaps?
What kind of word follows the gaps in 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9?
What kind of word follows the gaps in 2, 4 and 8?
Match the words in the box with the sentences 1–3.
I’ll check it with you.
They’ve already started to complete the forms.
You usually have a good relationship with your sisters.
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GRAMMAR
Expressions with prepositions
We go somewhere:
by air/land/sea/road
by plane/car/bus/rail/train/bike
on foot
on holiday
on business
We can be:
at work, at home, at school, at university, at lunch
in love, in danger, in bed, in a hurry,
on the phone.
We do things:
by chance, by accident, by mistake,
in secret, in private, in public,
on purpose.
Things can be:
in stock,
for/on sale, for hire,
on fire.
Verb + preposition
We use prepositions after some verbs:
Verb + object + preposition
Some verbs are followed by different prepositions with different meanings:
I asked my teacher about the new books. (I wanted information)
≠ I asked my teacher for the new books. (I wanted her to give me the books)
When we ask someone to do something, we say:
I asked my teacher to give me the books. (not I asked my teacher for giving me the books.)
to be + adjective + preposition
We use prepositions after some adjectives when they follow the verb to be:
Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are two-word or three-word verbs.
They have a main verb + one or two short words (preposition or adverb) which are really part of the verb.
The meaning of some phrasal verbs is clear:
Please put down your pencils. (= put + down)
The meaning of some phrasal verbs is not so clear.
You have to learn what they mean:
He looks after his little brother. (= He takes care of his little brother.)
Look out! There’s a car coming. (= Be careful!)
They looked up the word in the dictionary. (= They found the word in the dictionary.)
I am looking forward to meeting them. (= I believe I will enjoy meeting them.)
Some phrasal verbs have several meanings. We understand which meaning by looking at the other words in the sentence:
She put on her clothes. (= She got dressed.)
She put on weight. (= Her weight increased.)
She put on the television. (= She switched the television on.)
Here are some more phrasal verbs which are useful for PET:
fill in = complete a form
find out = discover
get into = enter
get out of = leave
get on with = have a good relationship with someone get up = get out of bed
give back = return something to someone
give up = stop doing something e.g. smoking
go on = continue
go with = match e.g. a coat and boots
hang up = end a telephone call
hold up = delay
join in = take part in
leave out = not do something
look for = try to find something
put off = do something later
put through = connect a telephone call
run out of = finish something e.g. petrol
set off/set out = begin a journey
take away = remove
take off = remove clothes
turn into = become
turn down = refuse an invitation/offer
turn up = arrive
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